The Communities in Soil
01/18/18
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180118142728.htm
The University of Colorado Boulder have gotten new reseacher that will guide future reseacher into the study and manipulations of microorganisms. Soil bacteria accounts for a large portion for the Earth's living biomass and with the study they will have a better understanding of microbes. Soil bateria facilitates key soil processes such as carbon cycles and nutrient availabilty. With numerous study many organisms remain undescribe or do not match existing records and are not successfully cultured in labs because of this many do not have names. The study began with collecting 237 different soils from 6 continents and 18 countries with different climate ranges. Then they used DNA sequences to identify bacteria and determine which species are shared. In conclusion they found that 2 percent or 500 individual species account for half of soil baterial communities worldwide.
The research can be used to target specific organisms in future studies and can potentionally lead to agriculture applications in the future. This can improve soil health.
The research can be used to target specific organisms in future studies and can potentionally lead to agriculture applications in the future. This can improve soil health.
Climate Change Impacts Sea Turtle Populations
01/11/18
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180111101408.htm
Sea turtles have been known for being ancient species that roam in the ocean. However rising tempertaures have caused for sea turtle populations to consit of mostly female. Sand tempertaure can determine the sex of a turtle hatchlings, warmer temperatures cause females to hatch. With rising temperatures in Australia's Northern Great Barrier Reef more and more females seem to grow in population. In southern beaches about 65 to 69 percent seem to be females while in northern beaches there are an abudant more consisting of nearly 85 percent of adult females making up the population. This could have been a good thing because its a boost in sea turtle reproduction however they can still not adapt due to fast changes. Wildlife managers have considered to lower incubation temperatures to boost local turtles populations. This can help them adapt and avoid extinction.
This is important because it is an example of how rising temperatures have also affected animals, who have done nothing but survive. Humans keep changing the world quickly and animals still have not adapted to the changes humans are imposing.
This is important because it is an example of how rising temperatures have also affected animals, who have done nothing but survive. Humans keep changing the world quickly and animals still have not adapted to the changes humans are imposing.
California's Wildfires
12/07/2017
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-us-canada-42263237
Recently, Southern Califirnia has been dealing with various wildfires. About 5,000 fire fighters have been trying to contain 4 fires and a 5th fire has occured near San Diego. Its estimated that 200,000 residents were evacuated and 150 homes and building have burned due to the fire. The number of evacuated people increases. For now only one death has been reported. The fires has started due to high winds. The new fire, Lilac, has burned about 150 acres. The University of California canceled class on Thursday and various other schools closed. In addition fire fighters had gone to Bel-Air to move out art pieces from homes. Due to the fires a vineyard was damaged and the Getty Museum is at risk. The Thomas Fire is consisered to be the largest fire. Most of the fires have been cotained to 10% but tjousands of acres burn.
This event is important because its one of the biggest wildfires in California. In addition, many homes from commoners and celebrities have been burnt. Schools have closed and people are being evacuated. The burning fires are also making bad air quality to the surrounding areas.
This event is important because its one of the biggest wildfires in California. In addition, many homes from commoners and celebrities have been burnt. Schools have closed and people are being evacuated. The burning fires are also making bad air quality to the surrounding areas.
Sponges: Deep water ancestors
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171130122904.htm
11/29/17
New research by the University of Bristol has taken a step in proving that sponges are the deep water ancestors. The study was led by Professor Davide Pisani witg some collegues and institutes around the world. The study used Posterior Predictive Analysis to test evolution methods. Models seemed to favor sponges as the root of the animal tree instead of comb jellyfish.
Finding out the ancestor can help us understand more about our evolution and animal evolution. In addition this can help with the orgin of animal anatomy. Finding the ancestor of the animal tree can help answer unsolved questions and help learn more about anatomy and evolution.
Finding out the ancestor can help us understand more about our evolution and animal evolution. In addition this can help with the orgin of animal anatomy. Finding the ancestor of the animal tree can help answer unsolved questions and help learn more about anatomy and evolution.
Using Solar Cells to Desalinate Water
11/16/2017
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171115130934.htm
Researchers at the Univerity of California have crafted an iconic solar cell that can harness light to exploit semiconductor behavior of water to produce electricity. The research has been led by Shane Ardo and Irine, an assistant professor of Chemistry, Chemical Engeering, and Material Science. They wanted to manufacture a device that would desalinate saltwater when exposed to sunlight. Reseachers had succeed by allowing water to permeate through cations and anions. It goes through a process by using a laser on a system that promoted light-sensitive organic molecules that transport and produce an iconic current and voltage of 100mV. The limitation they face is trying to double the electric current level because photovoltage would nees to be about 200mV to desalinate seawater.
Desalinating water in order to use it as electricity can be a huge step into finding new ways to make a city light up without using fossul fuels. Of course their will have to be rules and regelations to keep this act from getting put of control. However this can benefit us humans by helping us reduce the uses of fossil fuels. This can also lead to the invention of better ways of making electricity that can help people help the environment.
Desalinating water in order to use it as electricity can be a huge step into finding new ways to make a city light up without using fossul fuels. Of course their will have to be rules and regelations to keep this act from getting put of control. However this can benefit us humans by helping us reduce the uses of fossil fuels. This can also lead to the invention of better ways of making electricity that can help people help the environment.
Improving Weather Awareness
11/02/2017
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/11/171101130322.htm
National Academics of Sciences, Engineers, and Medicine have proposed to improve public safety by elvolving programs such as WEA and IPAWS. They will start by improving to inform technological, social, and behavioral science research. The goal is to protect life and enhance prosperity. The government will design systems that fit into large systems of. ommunication, increase the use of WEA and incorporate the knowledge on how the public eye reacts or responds to emergency notifications. They want to craft an effective alert message thus they will think about the length, context, and the multiple languages need for it to work. In addition they can increase public education campaigns to learn to understand weather readiness to reduce vulnerability and risk. However with every ides there are challenges such as funding, the adaption to technology, and the constant interaction emergency managers will need to do to fill in gaps for understanding.
This idea can help people be better aware of upcoming storms and unpredictable weather. It will be costly however it can possibly help people be prepared for disasters caused by nature. If the younger generation were to be better aware it will reduce panic and the cost of damage can also reduce. It can also reduce the amount of accidents caused by weather.
This idea can help people be better aware of upcoming storms and unpredictable weather. It will be costly however it can possibly help people be prepared for disasters caused by nature. If the younger generation were to be better aware it will reduce panic and the cost of damage can also reduce. It can also reduce the amount of accidents caused by weather.
Arsenic Waters
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/arsenic-drinking-water-threatens-60-million-pakistan
The Indian subcontient has been exposed to high arsenic concentration for years. In the 1990 studies discovered the high concentration and the World's Health Organization warned 35 to 77 million people in Bangladesh that they could be at risk for drinking unsafe levels of arsenic. In 2014 WHO estimated that 20 million people were still exposed. Joel Podgorisk, an enviromental scientist at the Swiss Federal Institue of Aquatic Science and Technology, and his team collected data from 1200 wells in Pakistan and discovered that two thirds of the wells exceed the recommended amount of arsenic of 10 micrograms per liter. It is now estimated 50 to 60 million people will use water that contains 50 micrograms of arsenic per liters.
The situation with arsenic water is a seriuos threat. As a long term problem some people can get cancer and skin lesions. It also brings the problem of people not being able to access drinking water due to unsafe levels. If most wells are contaminated what are people supposed to do? Hopefully the government does something to keep their citizens healthy and fix the situation because this will only cause disease and sickness.
The situation with arsenic water is a seriuos threat. As a long term problem some people can get cancer and skin lesions. It also brings the problem of people not being able to access drinking water due to unsafe levels. If most wells are contaminated what are people supposed to do? Hopefully the government does something to keep their citizens healthy and fix the situation because this will only cause disease and sickness.
Hurricane Harvey Helps Improve Weather Forecast
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/08/hurricane-harvey-provides-lab-us-forecast-experiments
The European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecast also known as ECMWF had golden standard hurricane models and proved it when they accurately predicted Hurricane Sandy and the National Weather Service failed to in 2012. The Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory won a competition to provide a computer code for next-generation weather models. The new code can simulate storms at the same time as they run globally. NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration known as NOAA did tests on Hurricane Harvey. Both models from the GFDL and ECMWF agreed that Harvey will go inland, then stall, and head back to the Gulf of Mexico. The model was made FV3 and it predicted a double eye-wall in Harvey as well as extreme rainfall which turned out to be correct. Intensity is harder to predict than storm paths so to fill in the gaps NASA launched Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System. (CYGNSS) to spot wind speeds by detecting surface roughness of the ocean. CYGNSS's first test was on Harvey to later improve the weather forecast.
This event is important because if we perfect FV3 and CYGNSS then predicting storms and protecting people and citizens would help a lot. Especially if we are able to reduce damage on cities and towns by taking precautions. We would be able to save money and the environment if we were able to know something before it happened. So the FV3 and CYGNSS will one day be perfect to use and help lots of people in the process.
This event is important because if we perfect FV3 and CYGNSS then predicting storms and protecting people and citizens would help a lot. Especially if we are able to reduce damage on cities and towns by taking precautions. We would be able to save money and the environment if we were able to know something before it happened. So the FV3 and CYGNSS will one day be perfect to use and help lots of people in the process.
SkyCool Systems: Solar Water Coolers
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/new-water-cooling-solar-panels-could-lower-cost-air-conditioning-20
Researchers at Stanford University have come up with a way to lower cost of conditioning and refrigerating by introducing a solar water cooler. The cooler is made up of three components which are a plastic layer with a silver coating, a cooper tube, and encased in a thermal insulating plastic. To test the panels reseachers at Standford placed three coolers around the campus that circulate water every minute at a rate 0.2 liters. They reported to Nature Energy that the setup coled the water by 5 degrees Celcius and then modeled the panels on a two-story unit in Las Vegas, Nevada during the summer. The results said that the electrical demand for air conditioning lowered by 21 percent. This allowed the reseachers to form a startup company called SkyCool Systems and were able to conduct a larger field trial in Davis, California.
The solar water coolers may help reduce the cost and demand for conditioning. In addition it may help the enviroment because cooling systems comsume about 15 percent of electricity and even emit about 10 percent of greenhouse gases. Reducing such demand can help people with finical crisis and even give a little back to the enviroment by protecting or reducing greenhouse gases.
The solar water coolers may help reduce the cost and demand for conditioning. In addition it may help the enviroment because cooling systems comsume about 15 percent of electricity and even emit about 10 percent of greenhouse gases. Reducing such demand can help people with finical crisis and even give a little back to the enviroment by protecting or reducing greenhouse gases.
Rotor Sails: Decreasing Carbon Emission
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/spinning-metal-sails-could-slash-fuel-consumption-emissions-cargo-ships
It is said that by next year a tanker vessel owned by the Danish transportation conglomerate and a passenger ship owned by Viking Line will add spinning cylinders also known as rotor sails on their deck. The rotor sails are said to be 10 stories tall and reduce fuel compostion by 10%; in addition, it will cut thousands of ton of carbon emission per trip. Today, 90% of goods are being transported over oceans. For example, in 2015 the Chinese port of Shanghaii sent 36 million containers across the ocean. Such vessels burn heavy fuels which produce heat-trapping carbon dioxide and sulfur compounds that contribute to acid rains. The idea of spinning rotors was introduced in the 20th century and Anton Flettner, a German engineer, replaced his cloth sails with two 15 meter steel rotors sails. The sails create a force on the side of the sails to propell the ship to move foward however no one invested in the product because their were no environmental regulations and limit to ship emission. The rotors rely on aerodynamics called the Magnus effect thus Norsepowerused Fletter's idea but improved it by adding modern material such as carbon amd glass fiber to reduce the use of electricity. It also translates a more efficient propulsion and is linked to a software that adjusts a rotor's rate of rotation. It is safe and when the ship is stopped it has a drag force to it and is effective when the wind is 18 kilometers an hour. Norsepower tested the rotor sails on a cargo ship that goes to the Netherlands to the United Kingdom and resulted in burning 6% less of fuels. The rotors arw not meant to replace engines but help thrust ships to a direction.
These rotors are important because they can help decrease the carbon emission on the Earth. The concentration of carbon has rosen to an enormous rate since the industrial revolution. In 2015 the carbon concentration rose over 400ppm. With combustion and overpopulation we need to reduce the concentration and the rotor sails can be a stepping stone to this.
These rotors are important because they can help decrease the carbon emission on the Earth. The concentration of carbon has rosen to an enormous rate since the industrial revolution. In 2015 the carbon concentration rose over 400ppm. With combustion and overpopulation we need to reduce the concentration and the rotor sails can be a stepping stone to this.
Disaster in Puerto Rico
https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.nbcnews.com/news/weather/amp/hurricane-maria-leaves-puerto-rico-facing-months-without-power-n803326
Hurricane Maria has left Puerto Rico in disaster and choas. It was said that it would take about 6 months for the popluation of 3.5 million people to get power running again. In addition extreme and intense flooding accord especially at the capital, San Juan. This caused highways to be blocked, it destroyed homes, trees to be knocked over, and they lost communication. Hurricane Maria even claimed the lives of 18 people, two where from Puerto Rico. Adrian Pancheco, a tourism company operator, talks about the 8 hours he and 100 other residents stayed huddled in the stairwell. The White House also approved a federal disaster declaration for Puerto Rico. Now Maria might head to the Turks and Caicos.
Hurricane Maria was one of the strongest hurricanes to ever hit Puerto Rico. It left many without homes, electricity, and even took the lives of innocents. Irma caused a million people to lose power but it never took away from the islands it passed through. For those in Puerto Rico and the Bahams they need all the help they can get because life for them must be difficult to have to see their homes be wiped out.
Hurricane Maria was one of the strongest hurricanes to ever hit Puerto Rico. It left many without homes, electricity, and even took the lives of innocents. Irma caused a million people to lose power but it never took away from the islands it passed through. For those in Puerto Rico and the Bahams they need all the help they can get because life for them must be difficult to have to see their homes be wiped out.
Russia Changes
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/09/russia-wants-protect-itself-climate-change-without-reducing-carbon-emissions
At the end of May, Moscow experienced a squall that killed 18 people and caused over 3 billion dollars in damage. In addition, in September the Russia government fired Alexander Frolou, the head of the weather forecast agency Roshydeomet. He was fired because he had surprassed the mandatory retirement age and because he failed to notify the intensity of May's storm. A newspaper named Kammersant demanded for steps that would increase the accuracy of forecast. Soon politicans acknowleged that over the past 25 years the weather has doubled in intensity. Russia heavlily relies on pumping oil; however, they have met their emission pledges which was running 30% below the levels. They have evwn decided to create a draft adaption plan for the Moscow region.
This is important because Russia has recognized the threats caused from climate changes. This means that later in the years to pass, politicans will recognize these threats and even try to do something about them. Russia has also acknowledged the necessity for adaption. People can change for the best. Climate change is a big deal and our governments should do more to not only stop emissions that cause climate change but to adapt to it as well.
This is important because Russia has recognized the threats caused from climate changes. This means that later in the years to pass, politicans will recognize these threats and even try to do something about them. Russia has also acknowledged the necessity for adaption. People can change for the best. Climate change is a big deal and our governments should do more to not only stop emissions that cause climate change but to adapt to it as well.
Robotic Snakes
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/10/searching-survivors-mexico-earthquake-snake-robots
Searcg and rescue workers from Mexico worked together with Carneige Mellon University. The research group went to help and test out their metal snakes; however, they have not saved anyone yet. The research group have used their snakes for various things such as archaeology. They are learned a lot from the trip to Mexico. They have learned how to improve their snakes such as if the need to add sensors and how the robot can be more like a snake.
The robotic snake can help with more search and rescues without putting the lives of others in danger. Unlike humans the robotic snake can fit through holes and search without moving rubble. It will also come in handy for archaeological reasons such as going through holes. A robotic snake contains a camera that allows people to use them at safe distances and sooner or later these robotic snakes will seem useful.
The robotic snake can help with more search and rescues without putting the lives of others in danger. Unlike humans the robotic snake can fit through holes and search without moving rubble. It will also come in handy for archaeological reasons such as going through holes. A robotic snake contains a camera that allows people to use them at safe distances and sooner or later these robotic snakes will seem useful.
Madagascar's Deadly Epidemic
http://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/10/deadly-plague-epidemic-rages-madagascar
As of October 7th, 343 people have been affected by an epidemic in Madagascar with 42 people dead. Madagascar was hit with a pneumonic plague that can be transmitted from person to person by coughing. If the plague is not treated with antibiotics 100% fatal. The first case reported had a victim of 31 years of age who had malarilike symtoms and died on transit on August 27. In addition a 47 year old woman died in hospital in the capital as well as a basketball coach. World's Health Organization did not know about the outbreak until September 23 and delieved 1.2 million does of antibiotics and sending more.
This event is important because it shows that countries such as Madagascar and Peru are in deep need for health services. Countries like these are easy targets for epidemics due to the low and limited medical supplies. And if one country gets an outbreak and its not controlled thousands can die in the process. Providing countries with medical supplies are needed in order to help those who become sick because lives can be lost due to disease.
This event is important because it shows that countries such as Madagascar and Peru are in deep need for health services. Countries like these are easy targets for epidemics due to the low and limited medical supplies. And if one country gets an outbreak and its not controlled thousands can die in the process. Providing countries with medical supplies are needed in order to help those who become sick because lives can be lost due to disease.
Underwater Mining
https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2017/10/171025103146.htm
A sponge called Plenaste Craigi is known for being the most abundant species to live on the ocean floor. Their habitat is on nodules or grapefeuit sized metal balls that have been forming for the past million years. However deep-sea mining companies may lead these creatures towards extinction. These sponges filter lots of water in order to survive. They filter water in order to find small particles that contain nutrients and energy. This makes them vulnerable to sand and mud that spreads because of the harvesting of nodules. The sponge is used to see how deep-sea mining affects an enviroment that is billions of years old.
These are important because animals are becoming more and more extinct because of human activity. Homes to animals are being destroyed constantly to provide humans with resouces. Companies want to grow and ignore the fact that other things are being at risk too. If deep-sea mining is not restricted another species can become a victim of extinction.
These are important because animals are becoming more and more extinct because of human activity. Homes to animals are being destroyed constantly to provide humans with resouces. Companies want to grow and ignore the fact that other things are being at risk too. If deep-sea mining is not restricted another species can become a victim of extinction.